女太空人在太空来例假了怎么办？

线中间打包，这样它们就不但会漂走。我所想萨莎·考夫曼的牙刷条像中间的香肠一样在STS-上浮起，不告诉男性宇航员前提以前碰上过它们，并极度沮丧，试图迅速漂走。

hover

坚称“树梢，翱翔；徘徊，守候”，法文解读为“to stay in one place in the air, usually by moving the wings quickly”举个🌰：

A hawk hovered in the sky, waiting to swoop down on its prey.

一只老鹰在天空以前树梢，要伺机俯冲捕捉捕食者。

All this is to say that menstruation clearly made NASA squirm. Before women went into space, there were not only the sadly typical concerns that women would become weepy or unable to function during their periods, but also that the menstrual cycle might somehow break in space. Would the blood come out without gravity to pull it from the womb? Maybe it would all pool up in there, or even flow backward through the fallopian tubes into the abdomen—a frightening condition called retrograde menstruation.

所有这些都是为了知道明了，例假似乎使坎宁安极度不安。在妻女重回想像中空船以前，人们不仅惧怕妻女在例假以前但会变得悲伤欲泣或无法工作，而且还惧怕同排卵期在想像中空船以前但会以某种方式以前断。如果无法离心力的抑制作用，滴但会不但会从胎盘里流出有来吗？只不过滴但会全部积聚在那里，甚至通过直肠（fallopian tubes）回流到口部；还有这种可怕的情况称之为睾丸倒流（retrograde menstruation）。

menstruation

menstruation/ˌmenstruˈeɪʃn/ 坚称“途经，同排卵期排卵期”，法文解读为“an occasion when a woman menstruates”；

📍动词 menstruate /ˈmɛnstrʊˌeɪt/ 坚称“途经；来同排卵期”，法文解读为“When a woman menstruates, a flow of blood comes from her uterus. Women menstruate once a month unless they are pregnant or have reached menopause.”

📍动词 menstrual，后文显现 the menstrual cycle 同排卵期。

这几个词都是本文高频显现的。

squirm

squirm /skwɜːm/ 1）坚称“（因缓和、不厌烦等）动来动去，来回扭动，坐卧不宁”，法文解读为“to move around a lot making small twisting movements, because you are nervous, uncomfortable, etc.”举个🌰：

The children were squirming restlessly in their seats.

孩子们在从前上心神不定地动来动去。

2）坚称“十分沮丧；羞愧昧当；无地自容”，法文解读为“to feel great embarrassment or shame”举个🌰：

It made him squirm to think how badly he'd messed up the interview.

一想到他把面试搞得有多更糟，他就觉得无地自容。

weepy

坚称“悲伤欲泣的”，法文解读为“feeling likely to cry”举个🌰：

I felt tired and weepy.

我觉得很累，想大泣连串。

period

熟词僻义，也是可以坚称“同排卵期，经期”，法文解读为“the bleeding from a woman's womb that happens once a month when she is not pregnant”。

gravity

1）常见含义坚称“离心力；星球连续性”，法文解读为“the force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and that on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when they are dropped”如：the laws of gravity 万有连续性广义相对论，物理课代课的g=9.8还是g=10你还想起吗？

🎬电影《星际迷航》（Star Trek）以前的滑稽提过：Captain, we're caught in the gravity well. It's got us. 舰长 我们被连续性井吸住了，它吸住我们了。

2）坚称“轻微性”，法文解读为“extreme importance and a cause for worry”，可以去掉seriousness，举个🌰：

Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence.

处罚根据罪行的轻微某种程度而有所区别。

3）坚称“大胆；庄严”，法文解读为“serious behaviour, speech or appearance”举个🌰：

They were asked to behave with the gravity that was appropriate in a court of law.

他们被要求在法庭上表现出有应有的大胆作风。

womb

womb /wuːm/ 坚称“胎盘”，法文解读为“the organ in the body of a woman or other female mammal in which a baby develops before birth”。

📍uterus /ˈjuːtərəs/ 除此以外坚称“胎盘”，法文解读为“the organ in the body of a woman or other female mammal in which a baby develops before birth”。

abdomen

abdomen /ˈæbdəmən/坚称“（人或哺乳类的）腹（部）；（昆虫的）口部”，法文解读为“the lower part of a person's or animal's body, containing the stomach, bowels, and other organs, or the end of an insect's body”。

retrograde

retrograde /ˈretrəɡreɪd/ 坚称“倒退的；边缘化的；恶化的”，法文解读为“returning to older and worse conditions, methods, ideas, etc.”举个🌰：

The closure of the factory is a retrograde step.

钢铁厂的重开是更是边缘化。

In the end, someone just had to try it and see what happened. And what happened was … nothing much. The uterus is pretty good at expelling its lining sans gravity, it turns out (after all, lying down doesn't seem to matter much). Dealing with space tampons is something of a nuisance, though, and space cramps aren't probably any nicer than Earth cramps. So now scientists have raised a possibility for female astronauts that has only begun to occur to most women—maybe we don't need to have periods at all.

便次，有人不得不去为了让，看看但会发生什么。结果是......没啥过错。过错实证明，胎盘很擅长在无法离心力的前提排入其增生（无疑，躺下似乎也无法什么关系）。不过，处理想像中空船牙刷条是一件麻烦过错，而且在想像中空船腹腹痛或许并不比在星球腹腹痛好。因此，现在科学界们为妻女宇航员重申了一种或许性，这种或许性对大多数妻女来知道才开始显现；还有只不过我们无疑就不所需有同排卵期。

expel

1）坚称“排入；喷出有”，法文解读为“to force air or liquid out of something”举个🌰：

She took a deep breath, then expelled the air in short blasts.

她深吸一口气，然后一下子把空气呼出有来。

2）坚称“驱逐；除名；开除”，法文解读为“to force someone to leave a school, organization, or country”举个🌰：

He was expelled from school for bad behaviour.

他因为行为不端被高年级开除了。

lining

lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ 1）坚称“衬层；内衬；衬里”，法文解读为“a layer of material used to cover the inside surface of sth”如：a pair of leather gloves with fur linings 一双毛皮衬里的皮手套。

2）坚称“（胃等缓冲器官之下的）保护层”，法文解读为“The lining of your stomach or other organ is a layer of tissue on the inside of it.”如：a bacterium that attacks the lining of the stomach 一种蹂躏胃粘膜的生离心力场。

sans

sans /sænz/ 坚称“无，无法（一般为幽默用法）”，法文解读为“without – usually used humorously”举个🌰：

He came to the door sans shirt.

他走到门口，领带都没穿。

nuisance

nuisance /ˈnjuːsəns/ 坚称“白痴的人或过错物；麻烦的人或过错情”，法文解读为“If you say that someone or something is a nuisance, you mean that they annoy you or cause you a lot of problems.”举个🌰：

He could be a bit of a nuisance when he was drunk.

他冷静下来时但会是一个有点白痴的人。

be something of a sth

坚称“有些像，在举例来知道上是”，法文解读为“used to describe a person or thing in a way that is partly true but not completely or exactly”举个🌰：

It came as something of a surprise.

这件过错多少有些让人极度不幸。

cramps

坚称“（妻女经期的）腹腹痛”，法文解读为“pains in the lower stomach caused by a woman's period”

We have the technology. A combined oral contraceptive, or the pill, used continuously (without taking a week off to induce menstrual flow) is currently the best and safest choice for astronauts who prefer not to menstruate during missions, says Varsha Jain, a gynecologist and visiting professor at King's College London. She and her colleague Virginia Wotring, who as NASA's chief pharmacologist was asked to suggest the best contraceptive, published a study of space menses Tuesday in the journal Microgravity. Contraceptive implants and IUDs are options, too, but the pill already has a good track record in space.

我们有这样的核心技术。伦敦女王学院（King's College London）的妻科医生和研究员瓦莎·詹恩（Varsha Jain）知道，对于那些借此在任务以前不来同排卵期的宇航员来知道，紧接著用到共同口服CPA（不所需休息一周来造成了同排卵期）是目前最好和最安全的选择。她和她的同僚新泽西州·沃特林（Virginia Wotring）周二在《微离心力》（Microgravity）期刊上登载了一项关于想像中空船同排卵期的研究课题，沃特林作为坎宁安的总裁兼药物学家被要求重申最佳避孕方法。植入式CPA和内廷节育缓冲器（IIUD）也是一种选择，但是CPA在想像中空船以前并未有了良好的精准度。

contraceptive

contraceptive /ˌkɑːntrəˈseptɪv/ 坚称“避孕衣物；CPA”，法文解读为“any of various devices or drugs intended to prevent pregnancy”如：oral contraceptive 口服CPA。

gynecologist

美式 gynecologist /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɑːlədʒɪst/

英式 gynaecologist /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɑːlədʒɪst/

坚称“妻科学界，妻科医生”，法文解读为“a doctor skilled in the treatment of women's diseases, especially those of the reproductive organs”。

pharmacologist

pharmacologist /ˌfɑːməˈkɒlədʒɪst/ 坚称“药理学家，药物学家”，法文解读为“a person who has studied pharmacology”。

区分：

📍pharmacist /ˈfɑːməsɪst/ 坚称“外科医生”，法文解读为“a person whose job is to prepare medicines and sell or”。

menses

menses /ˈmensiːz/ 坚称“同排卵期；途经”，法文解读为“the flow of blood each month from a woman's body”。

implant

坚称“（疗程以前）植入，移植；（植入体液以前的）移植物，；也”，法文解读为“an organ, group of cells, or device that has been put into the body in a medical operation”。

IUD

intra-uterine device 简写，坚称“内廷避孕缓冲器”，法文解读为“a small object put by a doctor into the womb of a woman who wants to avoid becoming pregnant”。

track record

坚称“财务状况记过错；成绩记过错；以前的成绩或成就”，法文解读为“all the past achievements, successes or failures of a person or an organization”举个🌰：

He has a proven track record in marketing.

他有可靠的的销售财务状况记过错。

In fact, not only have female astronauts already tried out the continuous-pill method (to much less fanfare than Sally Ride's space tampons), but more women on Earth are opting out of periods too. Polls suggest that about a third of women feel they need to have a monthly period because it seems “natural” and reassures them they're not pregnant.

过错实上，不仅女宇航员并未为了让过紧接著服用CPA的方法（帕多瓦莎·考夫曼的想像中空船棉条要少得多），而且星球上非常多的妻女也借此不来例假。民意调查推断，左右三分之一的妻女忽视她们所需每同月来一次同排卵期，因为这看起来很“自然现象”，并让她们确实自己无法怀孕。

reassure

坚称“使…安心；不甘心…的疑惑”，法文解读为“to say or do sth that makes sb less frightened or worried”举个🌰：

They tried to reassure her, but she still felt anxious.

他们尽力让她忘了，可她还是焦虑不安。

“It's completely safe to suppress the menstrual cycle,” Jain says. Of course, the pill does come with some risks—blood clots in the legs and lungs are a main concern. But Jain says that studies have found no difference in health risks for taking the pill continuously compared with taking it for three weeks at a time.

“消除同排卵期是完全安全的，”詹恩知道。当然，CPA确实有一些风险；还有主要惧怕腿部和胸腔的滴凝块（blood clots）。但詹恩知道，研究课题发现紧接著服用CPA与一次服用三周的保健风险无法区别。

suppress

坚称“压制；阻挡；消除”，法文解读为“to prevent sth from growing, developing or continuing”举个🌰：

The virus suppresses the body's immune system.

这种病毒但会消除体液的生离心力场。

clot

坚称“凝块”，法文解读为“an almost solid piece of something”。

For long-term space travel, there are added benefits of skipping the flow. “The waste disposal systems onboard the U.S. side of the International Space Station that reclaim water from urine were not designed to handle menstrual blood,” Jain and Wotring write. A woman spending three years in space, say to go to Mars and back, would need about 1,100 pills, which adds some weight to a mission, but is less unwieldy than all those tampons.

对于长期的想像中空船旅行，消除经期还有额外的诱因。詹恩和沃特林写道：“国际空间站（International Space Station）美国下方的废物处理系统会从排泄物以前投放中水，并不是为了处理睾丸而新设计的。”一个在想像中空船以前度过三年的妻女，都是去火星便回来，将所需左右1100颗药物，这给任务增加了一些重量，但比所有牙刷条要轻得多。

unwieldy

unwieldy /ʌnˈwiːldɪ/ 坚称“（离心力场因过重、庞大或形状有如而）不灵便的，笨重的；昧移动的”，法文解读为“An unwieldy object is difficult to move or handle because it is heavy, large, or a strange shape.”

As with many aspects of female physiology, there's still much we don't know. Could an IUD be shifted by the high Gs astronauts experience during launch? Would an implant under the skin catch on a spacesuit? There's no reason to think so, but no one has tried it.

与妻女药理学的许多方面一样，我们仍有许多未知的区域内。在发射成功流程以前，宇航员所承受的高倍离心力值但会不但会使内廷节育缓冲器翻转？表皮的；也但会不但会卡在宇航服上？无法理由这么忽视，但无法人为了让过。

physiology

physiology /ˌfɪzɪˈɒlədʒɪ/ 坚称“药理学”，法文解读为“(the scientific study of) the way in which the bodies of living things work”。

Maybe if we weren't so squeamish about discussing the menstrual cycle, we'd learn more.

只不过如果我们对发表意见例假不那么鲁莽，我们但会学到非常多。

squeamish

squeamish /ˈskwiːmɪʃ/ 坚称“不免心烦意乱的；不免受惊的；骨骼肌坚韧的”，法文解读为“easily upset or shocked by things that you find unpleasant or that you do not approve of”举个🌰：

She's really squeamish and can't stand the sight of blood.

她骨骼肌很坚韧，见不得滴。

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